Queen Victoria served as monarch of Great Britain and Ireland from 1837, and as empress of India from 1877, until her death in 1901. She is the second-longest reigning British monarch after Queen Elizabeth II. Victoria's reign saw great cultural expansion; advances in industry, science and communications; and the building of railways and the London Underground.

Queen Victoria served as monarch of Great Britain and Ireland from 1837, and as empress of India from 1877, until her death in 1901. She is the second-longest reigning British monarch after Queen Elizabeth II. Victoria's reign saw great cultural expansion; advances in industry, science and communications; and the building of railways and the London Underground.